What does Code- switching reffer to?
Code- switching is used in places
who speak two or more than two languages because of two main reasons. The
reasons to do that are when people in the same country have their mother tongue
and their official language and when in one place are different cultures and
languages to be used. However, there are some different rules to follow in
code- switching. In this essay, all those points will be discussed.
In the first case, people, in a determined
country, use their mother tongue with closed relates and the official language
for educational or business purposes. So, for example, a student from Gibraltar
will speak Spanish with their friends and English with his teachers at school
(Weston, D. 2017). This is because in
this city, English is the official language, so it should be used to everyone
understand the information given in the classroom. Also, the used of English is
a sign of respect in front of an authority.
On the other hand, the used of
Spanish must be used with their relates as friends and family members. In this
way, Spanish is seen in a less formal way (Weston, D. 2017). However, in the
case of using Spanish with family members should be seeing closely. This is
because if a member of the family should show authority in some situations,
switches the language into English to show it.
In the second case, there are some
places which have a variety of cultures and language from all over the world
living there. So, when speakers of different languages get together, mix two or
more languages to achieve a goal of communication. It is important to say that
there is not difference talking about the frequency between men and women
switching languages for different purposes but most of the time, men leader
this code.
Sometimes, code- switching is kind
of controversial because of each pattern that every culture has. So, some
cultures are less polite than others, so people should pay closer attention
about what is said and the way it is said. In addition, monolingual people
think is not correct two mix languages in a single conversation but this
happens because of lack information about code- switching.
Then, it is important to know how
code- switching is used to avoid being judge by the ones who use that. So,
there the matrix language or mother language provides the basis of
communication meanwhile the embedded language provides some utterances from the
other languages known by person. There
are six different functions of code- switching and three ways to use it
properly.
https://sites.google.com/a/odu.edu/teaching-learning-in-2015/_/rsrc/1424146560803/home/about-the-authors/benjaminderonde/code-switching/Code-switching.PNG?height=237&width=400
Functions:
ü
Directive
function: people switch the language to include or
exclude the other people in the conversation.
ü
Expressive
function: People include
utterances of their mother tongue to show their identity.
ü
Referential
function: People change the
language because is difficult to explain something in one of the languages
used.
ü
Phatic
function: Repetition of a term in both languages to emphasizes it.
ü
Metacognitive
function: People cite, comment
or report something in another language.
ü
Poetic
function: people say something
in other language with humoristic or amusement purposes.
Ways:
Ø Inter- sentential switching: A sentences switches from the entire or the entire
close changes.
Ø Intra- sentential switching: Clauses or boundaries are switched to another
language.
Ø Tag switching: A tag from one language change to another.
Now, it will be exemplified functions and ways
rewarding the case in Ecuador as a multilingual country. Here, there are some
languages recognized as a second languages. The second official language most
used is kichwa. Several indigenous people speak Spanish, the first official
language her, and kichwa. When indigenous want to say a secret, so mestizos
can`t understand them, they use kiwcha instead of Spanish, so, directive and
metacognitive functions are used as inter- sentential sentence. Expressive, referential, phatic and poetic
functions can be illustrated between indigenous and mestizos’ example.
Sometimes, when mestizos and indigenous people share ideas, they use terms which show their identities;
they use their own language when they do not how to explain it in the other
one; repeat terms in both languages, so everybody understand, and finally, they
make jokes using terms in their mother tongues to get some fun. There, the
three ways are used too.
Conclusion:
To sum up the information, code- switching is when a
person switches a language for purposes. There are two main reasons to do that
like as part of living in a multilingual place. It has some functions and ways to use code-
switching. Women and men use it at the same frequency. And, finally, even though
there are some controversies about the use of code- switching, is part of multilinguals’
way of communication.
Bibliography:
Weston, D. 2017. Code-switching and
multilingual speech? Retrieved from:
https://undervisning.aschehoug.no/globalvisions/code-switching-and-multilingual-speech/
Weston,
D. 2017. ALTERNANCIA DE CÓDIGO: Alternar Entre 2 Idiomas Diferentes Retrieved from:
speech/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Na4UvRIhu4&feature=youtu.be
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